neonatal withdrawal syndrome การใช้

• Nitrazepam is not recommended during pregnancy as it is associated with causing a neonatal withdrawal syndrome
• Cases of neonatal withdrawal syndrome have been described in infants chronically exposed to benzodiazepines in utero.
• A neonatal withdrawal syndrome can also occur if nitrazepam or other benzodiazepines are used during pregnancy with symptoms such as hyperexcitability, tremor, and gastrointestinal upset ( diarrhea or vomiting ) occurring.
• The current prescribing information for laudanum in the US states that opium tincture's sole indication is as an anti-diarrheal, although the drug is occasionally prescribed off-label for treating pain and neonatal withdrawal syndrome.
• Neonatal withdrawal syndrome associated with benzodiazepines include hypertonia, hyperreflexia, restlessness, irritability, abnormal sleep patterns, inconsolable crying, tremors or jerking of the extremities, bradycardia, cyanosis, suckling difficulties, apnea, risk of aspiration of feeds, diarrhea and vomiting, and growth retardation.
• Postnatal adaptation syndrome ( PNAS ) ( originally called  neonatal behavioral syndrome,  poor neonatal adaptation syndrome, or " neonatal withdrawal syndrome " ) was first noticed in 1973 in newborns of mothers taking antidepressants; symptoms in the infant include irritability, rapid breathing, hypothermia, and blood sugar problems.